Shape matters: synthesis and biomedical applications of high aspect ratio magnetic nanomaterials
Raluca M. Fratila, Sara Rivera-Fernández, Jesús M. de la Fuente, Nanoscale, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01100k.
High aspect ratio magnetic nanomaterials possess anisotropic properties that make them attractive for
biological applications. Their elongated shape enables multivalent interactions with receptors through the
introduction of multiple targeting units on their surface, thus enhancing cell internalization. Moreover,
due to their magnetic anisotropy, high aspect ratio nanomaterials can outperform their spherical analogues
as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. In this review, we first
describe the two main synthetic routes for the preparation of anisotropic magnetic nanomaterials: (i)
direct synthesis (in which the anisotropic growth is directed by tuning the reaction conditions or by using
templates) and (ii) assembly methods (in which the high aspect ratio is achieved by assembly from individual
building blocks). We then provide an overview of the biomedical applications of anisotropic magnetic
nanomaterials: magnetic separation and detection, targeted delivery and magnetic resonance imaging.
High aspect ratio magnetic nanomaterials possess anisotropic properties that make them attractive for
biological applications. Their elongated shape enables multivalent interactions with receptors through the
introduction of multiple targeting units on their surface, thus enhancing cell internalization. Moreover,
due to their magnetic anisotropy, high aspect ratio nanomaterials can outperform their spherical analogues
as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. In this review, we first
describe the two main synthetic routes for the preparation of anisotropic magnetic nanomaterials: (i)
direct synthesis (in which the anisotropic growth is directed by tuning the reaction conditions or by using
templates) and (ii) assembly methods (in which the high aspect ratio is achieved by assembly from individual
building blocks). We then provide an overview of the biomedical applications of anisotropic magnetic
nanomaterials: magnetic separation and detection, targeted delivery and magnetic resonance imaging.